I think homework harmed me because I wouldn't do it and I didn't have parents that were very involved in my life to make me do it. I went to school during the peak of the homework madness in my area so we were expected to do hours of homework each day.
I always learned the material, always passed the tests, almost never did the homework. I had to do summer school once, was held back the next year, and then dropped out because it's embarrassing to be held back and not know any of your classmates.
I'm not sure that homework has no value at all, but I don't think it's smart to penalize kids for not doing work at home. Not everyone has a home conducive to homework and expecting "homework clubs" to work seems nieve to me. I know I wouldn't have chosen to stay at school longer to do homework, and my parents wouldn't have made me.
If kids need more time dedicated to learning, why can't the school day be made longer to accommodate it? I get that teachers already don't have enough time, but why couldn't you have a study period staffed by other people?
It constantly surprises me how many businesses have abandoned this principle in the Trump era. There's a new shop in my town that erected a huge sign that says, "Vote out the corrupt Democrats in all 50 states!". This is in a town that voted 71% for Hillary Clinton in 2016. I don't understand a business owner that would try so hard to get the majority of residents to avoid their business.