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There are 850k people living in La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 3650m) with the equivalent of 13.2% sea level oxygen and they seem to be doing just fine. And granted, the natives of the region display some hemoglobin adaptation, but still... Even Aspen, Colorado sits at about 15% sea level oxygen and I'm pretty sure people don't wear breathing gear while skiing there.
Altitude reduced the density of air as whole. The graphic is about changes in composition while density should remain similar, meaning if oxygen is low, something else (e.g. carbon mono-/dioxide) is high. So I wonder how this compares.
Partial pressure of the gases you breathe is what matters though, that's why astronauts could breathe pure oxygen for days during the Mercury/Gemini/Apollo missions and be fine (as long as there's no fire :/ ).
Partial pressure of the gases you breathe is what matters though
Just to clarify, the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is about 3 PSI. The partial pressure of Nitrogen in the atmosphere is about 10 PSI.
that's why astronauts could breathe pure oxygen for days during the Mercury/Gemini/Apollo missions and be fine (as long as there's no fire :/ ).
Fire risk is also related to the partial pressure of the gas. 100% oxygen is not actually a problem, so long as the partial pressure of that oxygen is low. The partial pressure of oxygen in the Apollo 1 capsule was about 16.7 PSI.
Astronauts still use 100% oxygen in space suits pressurized to about 5PSI.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the Apollo 1 capsule was about 16.7 PSI.
I had always assumed they just compensated with oxygen pressure to match atmospheric partial oxygen pressure, but I checked and indeed you're right, but it was only that high an oxgen pressure for testing purposes on the ground. Once in flight, they would have dropped it to 5 PSI. It also makes sense as to why that Apollo 1 fire was so violent. Thanks for that learning opportunity ! :)
I was actually more referring to the chart implying that low oxygen means higher concentration of toxic gases
Though you start to notice it around 2500m, as a untrained person.
even earth feels like an alien planet millions of years ago, imagine if advanced space faring civilization do probe earth and categorized it to be inhospitable before, during and after their civilization crumbled to dust.
That also makes me wonder how we do our studies on other planets and if there is a category for "not habitable, but it could be"
Or similarly, "not habitable, but it could have been". Subtle difference between the two.
We can just barely sometimes tell the difference between a small neptune, a large earth, an ocean planets, a coteless ocean planet, and a hycean planet. Trying to guage not just habitability but also terraformability is a ways off yet.
We can start with size and surface temperature though. We're not going to survive on a gas giant, and anything with a four digit temperature is right out.
The atmospheric pressure needs to be significantly higher for even pure oxygen to put you at risk of oxygen toxicity. I don't think this graph is accurate.
I think the white paper it came from is referenced in the bottom left box.
Mega insects?!!!
Oh yeah, there was a whole era where the earth was extra oxygenated so you had XXL insects flying around. They have even done experiments raising modern insects in oxygen rich tanks and they grow (proportionally) quite large!
Yep. ~~Dragon~~ Gryphonflys that had around a foot / 30 cm wingspan, and underwater scorpions that were 18 feet / 6 meters long including the tail.
Okay, yeah, thanks for that nightmare ....
Well to be fair squid get much bigger than 6 metres
True. But for the most part, squid are also not chittering outside at night, banging on the windows trying to get in.
I read "space farting civilization". That is an interesting concept.
That would make gravity just wafting farts.
At least we'd know that dark energy comes from some kind of hole.
i just wanna go back a couple decades to prevent a few of my mistakes, invest heavily in bitcoin and watch a couple dead singers perform
Thanks! I’ve always wondered about this. From the comments though, it sounds like there’s a few caveats with what “breathable” really means. Very very interesting.
Thank you. This will come in handy.
This seems like something that should be printed on the back of business cards, or bus time tables.
You know, just in case.
Only for the oil industry business cards.
I'm just stuck at how to calculate the Earth's rotation with the current cosmic expansion; turns out, combining galactic rotations and universal expansions isn't as simple as you'd think! After that I'm off towards time traveling.
Problem with time travel is all the miscalculations trying to hit the thin skin of a moving object. Don't forget the undulations through the galactic arms and the effect of the galactic medium against the heliopause. Good luck! Never know, maybe you'll be the first above ground and non orbital. Bring a parachute, ablation shield, a shovel, and say hello to Hawking!
P.S. If you get a chance, tell me to call in sick for work 2/26/14. I'd appreciate not being disabled in that alt timeline. Thx!
A safer solution would be to just purposely target your arrival to the other side in empty space. While also travelling in a fully functional spaceship. Just make sure your little ship arrives within a set distance to Earth otherwise you will have to figure out how to travel millions of kilometers to get to where you're going. If technology gets to the point of developing safe time travelling, I'll assume that the same level of technology should be able to develop a space ship.
Even easier, send fast-return probes to collect a hard record of locations. Who cares if your prediction models are to chaotic? We've already seen the destination!