Artificial insemination is rape. It involves non-consensual penetration of another animal. It can happen by a bull, by a human, or by any other animal (or alien for that matter). Makes no difference for the animal that is on the receiving end.
Your idea of nuance quite conveniently means that the moral caution you afford to humans isn't afforded to animals, which is anthropocentrist and egocentric. If ever in the future you call yourself empathetic, know that you absolutely aren't.
Your application of false equivalency here just cements my idea of you. You're egocentric and anthropocentrist, and only care about the human species for moral consideration. You're no different to me than the fascists in power the world over that seek to dominate minority groups.
Cows have a variety of responses to being artificially inseminated. Because of this, farmers have adopted different tactics to force them to submit, whether that's using drugs, stun guns, cages that don't allow the cows to flee. Whether cows resist, which is possible, or they submit doesn't matter. They are still raped at the end of the day.
If YOU know so much about the dairy industry, then you either know the answers to this debate and choose to ignore them because it makes you look bad, or you ignore the reality altogether and tell yourself bedtime stories to cope with your already existing immoral habits.