DISCLAIMER - I AM NOT A DOCTOR JUST AN ADHD NERD (but your doctor really should have told you this):
Methylphenidate (MPH, Concerta, Ritalin) and Dexamphetamine (Adderall, DEX, as Vyvanse/Elvanse: Lisdexamphetamine/LDX) are stimulants and the most well researched ADHD medications with highest efficacy rates. They are considered the first-in-line medication when treating ADHD. DEX has slightly better response rates in trials, but it's really a coin toss what works for you.
Strattera (Atomotexetin) is usually the third choice when the other two fail. Lower response rate than MPH and DEX, but works for some people. The combination with a short release MPH or DEX is fairly common to get started / help in criticial situations.
Wellbutrin/Bupropion shows strictly worse response rates and is not registered as ADHD medication in many places. Sometimes it gets prescribed as anti-depressant or if all other medication attempts have failed, but it should not be first in line for ADHD at all. I am honestly a little worried that your doctor would prescribe it for ADHD.
I am not familiar with the medication availability in the US, but unless there are very specific contra-indiciations, a first treatment attempt should be done with MPH or DEX, a second with the other one. I personally take LDX (Vyvanse) and it absolutely changed my life for the better.
plus another 5 mg quick release in the afternoon if I'm feeling tired or unfocused (not sure if I should make that an everyday thing)
Your medication level falls over the day, even with an extended release and a "rebounding" effect in the afternoon is extremely common. Do not feel bad about treating your ADHD if you need it. On the other hand: Being tired in the afternoon if you have been active/working during the day is just... normal. I use an advanced recovery technique i call "napping", but of course it's upon you to decide what you need. You could also consider increasing your XR dosage and see if that helps you through the afternoon.