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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rahka, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dragjō (“dregs”).

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈrɑhkɑ/, [ˈrɑ̝xkɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑhkɑ
• Syllabification(key): rah‧ka
• Hyphenation(key): rah‧ka

Noun

rahka

1. quark, tvorog (soft creamy curd cheese made by souring or fermenting milk and removing the whey from it)
2. Synonym of juustouma (“curd (part of milk that coagulates)”)
3. (dialectal) dregs

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *järki (“order, row”), of unknown further origin. The original sense can be seen in derived terms like järjestää. The sense of "order" would have later shifted to that which provides order, or sense, i.e. the faculty of reason.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈjærki/, [ˈjærk̟i]
• Rhymes: -ærki
• Syllabification(key): jär‧ki
• Hyphenation(key): jär‧ki

Noun

järki

1. reason (ability to think)
2. sense (meaning, reason, or value of something)
   Siinä ei ole mitään järkeä.
   It doesn't make any sense.
3. sense (sound practical judgment)
   terve järki ― common sense

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vihta.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈʋihtɑ/, [ˈʋiçt̪ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ihtɑ
• Syllabification(key): vih‧ta
• Hyphenation(key): vih‧ta

Noun

vihta

1. bath broom, a kind of whip made of birch twigs and used in the sauna to enhance the effect of heat by beating oneself with it.

Usage notes

Traditionally vihta was used more often in Western Finnish, while vasta was used in Eastern Finnish.

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tühjä, from earlier *tüšjä, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas, compare Lithuanian tuščias (“empty”) and Latvian tukšs (“empty, blank”). Akin to Estonian tühi, Ludian tühd' and Veps tühj.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈtyhjæ/, [ˈt̪yçjæ]
• Rhymes: -yhjæ
• Syllabification(key): tyh‧jä
• Hyphenation(key): tyh‧jä

Adjective

tyhjä (comparative tyhjempi, superlative tyhjin)

1. empty, void (devoid of content)
   Antonym: täysi
   kuivua tyhjiin ― to dry up completely
2. blank (free from writing, printing, or marks)
   tyhjä ääni ― blank vote
   äänestää tyhjää ― to abstain (from a vote)
3. (figuratively) empty, meaningless (destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense)
   4, (figuratively) empty, pointless, fruitless, futile, vain, void (destitute of, or lacking, purpose or effectiveness)
4. (figuratively) empty (destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy)
5. (figuratively) empty (destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial)
6. void (containing no immaterial quality)
7. (typography) white (not containing characters)

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Etymology

Equivalent to kostaa +‎ -ea. Sense contaminated by the family of kastaa; see kostua for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈkosteɑ/, [ˈko̞s̠te̞ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -osteɑ
• Syllabification(key): kos‧te‧a
• Hyphenation(key): kos‧tea

Adjective

kostea (comparative kosteampi, superlative kostein)

1. moist, humid, damp, wet (with high humidity or some liquid, but not completely impregnated)
2. (of an event, period etc.) boozy (involving large consumption of alcohol)

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ahma (“glutton”) (compare dialectal Estonian ahm (“glutton”), Ingrian ahmo (“greedy”), Karelian ahmo (“wolverine, glutton”), Ludian ahmo (“wolverine”)), probably ultimately borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćman- (compare Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “eater”)).[1] Related also to Proto-Samic *vuosvēs (compare Northern Sami vuosmmis).

The meaning “wolverine” is possibly a calque from other European languages such as German Vielfraß and Latin gulo. Alternatively, according to SSA, the shift “glutton” → “wolverine” may have first occurred in Finnish and been calqued into Low German and thence into other languages.[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈɑhmɑ/, [ˈɑ̝xmɑ̝]
  +Rhymes: -ɑhmɑ
• Syllabification(key): ah‧ma
• Hyphenation(key): ah‧ma

Noun

ahma

1. wolverine, glutton (Gulo gulo)
   Synonyms: osma, osmo, kätkä, kamppi
2. (dialectal, chiefly Eastern Finnish) Synonym of ahmatti (“glutton”)

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kohëlo, of sound-symbolic origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈkohelo/, [ˈko̞ɦe̞lo̞]
• Rhymes: -ohelo
• Syllabification(key): ko‧he‧lo
• Hyphenation(key): ko‧he‧lo

Noun

kohelo (colloquial)

1. a clumsy person

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Etymology

Blend of pirteä +‎ jäätelö. Coined in the late 20th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈpirtelø/, [ˈpirt̪e̞lø̞]
• Rhymes: -irtelø
• Syllabification(key): pir‧te‧lö
• Hyphenation(key): pir‧te‧lö

Noun

pirtelö

1. milkshake, shake (milk and ice cream beverage)

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lohi, from earlier *loši, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *laśas.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈlohi/, [ˈlo̞ɦi]
• Rhymes: -ohi
• Syllabification(key): lo‧hi
• Hyphenation(key): lo‧hi

Noun

lohi

1. salmon (fish of the family Salmonidae)
2. (specifically) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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Etymology

Old Swedish kirse-(bær) +‎ -ikka (diminutive suffix); compare German Kirsche, Swedish körsbär, Estonian kirss, Russian чере́шня (čeréšnja). Ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from the neuter plural of Late Latin ceresium, from Latin cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”), from Ancient Greek κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈkirsikːɑ/, [ˈk̟irs̠ikːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -irsikːɑ
• Syllabification(key): kir‧sik‧ka
• Hyphenation(key): kir‧sik‧ka

Noun

kirsikka

1. cherry

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hërkku. Cognates include Estonian hõrk, Karelian herkku and Votic erkku (Mati), herkku. Possibly related to herkkä.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈherkːu/, [ˈhe̞rkːu]
• Rhymes: -erkːu
• Syllabification(key): herk‧ku
• Hyphenation(key): herk‧ku

Noun

herkku

1. (food) delicacy
2. treat (snack food item designed to be given to pets)
   Synonym: herkkupala
3. (slang) option, accessory kaikilla herkuilla ― with all options; loaded

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Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tapa, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *dabāˀ (compare Latvian daba).

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ.
• Syllabification(key): ta‧pa
• Hyphenation(key): ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

1. habit (action performed on a regular basis) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]
   Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
   We used to go to the beach on Sundays. / We would go to the beach on Sundays.
2. habit (action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]
   Synonym: tottumus
3. custom (frequent repetition of the same act) [with first infinitive ‘to do’]
   Synonym: käytäntö
4. (usually in the plural) habit, manner (one's customary method of acting)
5. (usually in the plural) manner (good, polite behavior)
6. way, manner (to do something) [with illative ‘for’; or with first infinitive ‘to do’] jollain tavalla ― some way, by some means, somehow

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑˣ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
• Syllabification(key): ta‧pa
• Hyphenation(key): ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

1. inflection of tappaa (to kill, slay):
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *louk'at'ak. Related to Ingrian loukata, Karelian loukahtoa and Votic loukõtõ.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈlou̯kɑtɑˣ/, [ˈlo̞u̯kɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -oukɑtɑ
• Syllabification(key): lou‧ka‧ta
• Hyphenation(key): lou‧ka‧ta

Verb

loukata

1. (transitive) to wound, hurt, injure (cause a physical injury to (chiefly of [one's own] body parts))
   Synonyms: satuttaa, teloa
   Loukkasin jalkani.
   I hurt my leg.
   Loukkasin varpaani oveen.
   I hurt my toe on the door.
2. (transitive, usually atelic) to hurt (someone's feelings), injure, offend, insult, wound (cause emotional offense to)
   Synonyms: satuttaa, pahoittaa (mieli)
   loukata jonkun kunniaa ― to offend someone's honour
3. (transitive, usually atelic) to violate, infringe upon, encroach upon, make inroads on
   Loukkasivatko Venäjän hävittäjät Suomen ilmatilaa?
   Did the Russian fighter planes violate the Finnish air space?
4. (intransitive) to get hurt (physically)
   Loukkasitko pahasti?
   Did you get badly hurt?

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vasta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *wasta (“a place opposite or across”). Related to Estonian vast, Karelian vasta, Livonian vastõ, Livvi vastah, Veps vast, Võro vasta, Votic vassõ, Northern Sami vuostá (“towards, against”), Erzya васта (vasta, “spouse”), вастомс (vastoms, “to meet”), Moksha васта (vasta, “spot, place”) and probably Eastern Mari ваштареш (vaštareš, “against”).

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈʋɑstɑ-/, [ˈʋɑ̝s̠tɑ̝-]

Prefix

vasta-

1. counter-, anti- (expressing opposition or contrast)
   Antonym: myötä-
2. new-, freshly, just, recently (expressing that something took place recently)
3. return (expressing reciprocity)

Inflection

Like many other Finnish prefixes, vasta- has inflected forms to a limited extent that are used as adverbs.

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Etymology

kol- +‎ -kko; from the same root as kolea.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈkolkːo/, [ˈko̞lkːo̞]
• Rhymes: -olkːo
• Syllabification(key): kolk‧ko
• Hyphenation(key): kolk‧ko

Adjective

kolkko (comparative kolkompi, superlative kolkoin)

1. gloomy, dismal

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kärmeh, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis (compare Latvian cirmenis (“maggot”), Lithuanian kirmis (“worm”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥mis.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈkæːrmeˣ/, [ˈk̟æːrme̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -æːrme
• Syllabification(key): käär‧me
• Hyphenation(key): käär‧me

Noun

käärme
1, snake Alternative form: (dialectal) kärmes

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Etymology

From Swedish tråka, from French troquer.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈtrokɑtɑˣ/, [ˈt̪ro̞kɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -okɑtɑ
• Syllabification(key): tro‧ka‧ta
• Hyphenation(key): tro‧ka‧ta

Verb

trokata (slang)

1. to deal, to bootleg, to fence (especially of alcohol)

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Etymology

From miekka +‎ -illa.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈmie̯kːɑi̯lːɑˣ/, [ˈmie̞̯kːɑ̝i̯lːɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -iekːɑilːɑ
• Syllabification(key): miek‧kail‧la
• Hyphenation(key): miek‧kail‧la

Verb

miekkailla

1. (intransitive) to fence, duel (with swords)

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *aita, possibly from Proto-Uralic *ajta. Cognate with Karelian aituš, Livvi aidu, Estonian aed and, more distantly, with Erzya утомо (utomo).

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈɑi̯tɑ/, [ˈɑ̝i̯t̪ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑitɑ
• Syllabification(key): ai‧ta
• Hyphenation(key): ai‧ta

Noun

aita

1. fence
2. (low) wall

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Etymology

Borrowed from Old Swedish mānadagher, or from Middle Low German māndach; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *mānini dag.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈmɑːnɑntɑi̯/, [ˈmɑ̝ːnɑ̝n̪t̪ɑ̝i̯]
• Rhymes: -ɑːnɑntɑi
• Syllabification(key): maa‧nan‧tai
• Hyphenation(key): maa‧nan‧tai

Noun

| day of | the week | | ----- | ----- | | Previous | sunnuntai | | Next | tiistai |

maanantai

1. Monday (day of the week; the first day of the week in Finland and in the ISO 8601 standard)

Usage notes

As with all days of the week in Finnish, the essive case (maanantaina) is usually used when talking about what will happen or happened on a Monday.

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Alternative forms

äitee (dialectal)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *äitei (compare Southern Ostrobothnian äitee, äiree), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *aiþį̄ (compare Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 (aiþei)). The front vowel in the word could perhaps be explained by influence from baby talk (which has also been suggested as an alternative etymology, compare täti and baby speak äittä-äittä-tättä). The original word for "mother", emä (< Proto-Finnic *emä), is now only used for animals in Finnish but is used for humans in dialects and in other Finnic languages. Cognate with Estonian eit (“old woman”); Võro äide, äidi, ääde (“mother, grandmother”).

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈæi̯ti/, [ˈæi̯t̪i]
• Rhymes: -æiti
• Syllabification(key): äi‧ti
• Hyphenation(key): äi‧ti

Noun

äiti

1. mother (woman in relation to her children)
   Synonyms: (archaic) emä, (slang) mutsi, mude, (colloquial) äiskä, äippä, (colloquial, childish) mamma, mami
2. (childish) mother (animal mother)
   Synonyms: emo, emä
3. mother (woman in high position)
   Thatcheria alettiin ylistää kansakunnan äidiksi. ― Thatcher became lauded as “mother of the nation”.
4. mother (respectful title for a nun, usually one who has served for a long time or is the leader of nuns' community)
5. mother (origin)
   luontoäiti ― mother Nature
6. mother (mightiest of its kind)
   kaikkien taistelujen äiti ― mother of all battles
7. The letter Ä in the Finnish spelling alphabet.

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Etymology

soveltaa +‎ -us

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈsoʋelːus/, [ˈs̠o̞ʋe̞lːus̠]

• Rhymes: -oʋelːus
• Syllabification(key): so‧vel‧lus
• Hyphenation(key): so‧vel‧lus

Noun

sovellus

1. application (act of applying as a means; act of directing or referring something to a particular case)
2. application, app (computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose)

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *pilvi, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pilwe. Cognate with Estonian pilv, Northern Sami balva, Erzya пель (peľ) and Hungarian felhő.

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈpilʋi/, [ˈpilʋi]
• Rhymes: -ilʋi
• Syllabification(key): pil‧vi
• Hyphenation(key): pil‧vi

Noun

pilvi

1. cloud
2. (computing) cloud
3. (slang) hashish, marijuana
   polttaa pilveä ― to smoke marijuana
   olla pilvessä ― to be high

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Etymology

touko (“sowing”) +‎ kuu (“month”), with seeds being sown around May

Pronunciation

• IPA(key): /ˈtou̯koˌkuː/, [ˈt̪o̞u̯ko̞ˌkuː]
• Rhymes: -uː
• Syllabification(key): tou‧ko‧kuu
• Hyphenation(key): touko‧kuu

Noun

toukokuu

1. May (month)

Usage notes

• “in May” is expressed with the inessive case (toukokuussa).

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