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The 2021 WHO global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections estimated that globally, 354 million people were living with chronic HBV or HCV infection in 2019, causing 1·11 million deaths. In WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), 18 million people were living with chronic HBV infection and 12 million with chronic HCV infection, causing 63 000 deaths. The Global Burden of Disease estimated that in 2019, in the EMR, hepatitis B and C were responsible for 3·4 million disability-adjusted life-years lost and caused chronic liver diseases, including cancers and cirrhosis, in 35 million people. This morbidity and mortality is preventable.